Sumários

Atmospheric Stability (cont.). Humid Air.

11 novembro 2016, 11:30 • Tania Alexandra Dos Santos Costa e Sousa

Exercise with DALR. Atmospheric stability as a function of the temperature gradient: stable, unstable and neutral atmospheres. 

Exercise. Measures of humidity in the atmosphere: vapour pressure, absolute humidity, mixing ratio and specific humidity and relative humidity. Factors controlling relative humidity: temperature and mixing ratio. Clausius-Clapeyron equation. 

Atmospheric Stability

11 novembro 2016, 10:30 • Tania Alexandra Dos Santos Costa e Sousa

Environmental lapse rate and daily temperature changes. 

Other factors controlling environmental lapse rate: wind and cloud cover.
Atmospheric Stability (dry air). Criteria for classifying atmospheric stability using densities and temperatures. 

Adiabatic processes

8 novembro 2016, 11:30 • Tania Alexandra Dos Santos Costa e Sousa

The importance of adiabatic processes in the atmosphere: orographic lifting, frontal lifting, convergence and localized convective lifting. 

Poisson equation. Exercise. Dry adiabatic lapse rate vs. environmental lapse rate. 

Earth Energy Budget

4 novembro 2016, 11:30 • Tania Alexandra Dos Santos Costa e Sousa

Shortwave radiation: absorption, reflection and scattering. Albedo. Albedo of various surfaces. Shortwave budget. Absorption of longwave radiation in the atmosphere. Global energy Budget. Energy Budget to the surface and to the atmosphere. Global entropy balance. Latitudinal heat balance.

Solar radiation

4 novembro 2016, 10:30 • Tania Alexandra Dos Santos Costa e Sousa

Solar radiation: solar output, distance from the sun, altitude of the sun and length of the day. 

Mechanisms of energy transfer within the earth-atmosphere-sun system.